Homologação de decisões proferidas em class actions norte-americanas : possibilidades e limites frente ao sistema processual nacional

Abstract

The internationalization and homogenization of legal relations, a phenomenon that is inexorably reflected in the framework of contemporary civil process, especially in its collective perspective, converge to the problematization of the theme concerning the recognition of foreign judgments, a procedural means that traditionally makes possible the extraterritorial circulation of judicial acts. The foreign judgment, as a rule, takes effect in Brazil after prior approval by the Superior Court of Justice, through a specific procedure in which predominantly formal requirements will be assessed, which condition the full or partial effectiveness of the sentence in the national territory. However, the jurisprudence on the subject is based on the individual demands. There is no systematic positioning regarding the request for homologation of a collective foreign judgment. The same can be said in relation to legal regulation and doctrine, since they do not present specific topical approach. The study proposal here involves class actions coming from the United States jurisdiction. In this sense, it is proposed to problematize the national jurisdictional action against a request for homologation of a sentence pronounced in the context of class action, covering theoretical and practical aspects that singles out this theme and that present difficulties in solving questions that may emerge in concrete cases. It is considered as a fundamental premise of work that the foreign collective ruling, including that resulting from the american class action, as a general rule, does not find obstacles to homologation in Brazil, since, although there is no specific rule on the matter, admissibility derives from the national process system itself, which welcomes, on a large scale, collective actions, giving them wide functionality in solving big controversy that emerge in today's society. The symmetry between the collective process systems studied (brazilian and american), overlaps with the distinctions, notably due to the characteristic concern of both to grant guarantees to the collective rights under discussion, without this implying any mitigation of the impartiality of the judicial body. This finalistic trait is projected in the homologation process resulting from class action, aiding in the equation of theoretical-practical problems that emerge from matter.