A influência da percepção de injustiça, o papel das emoções negativas e o efeito do custo e do impacto na identificação do comportamento punitivo altruísta em um contexto de recuperação de serviço

Abstract

The altruistic punishment behavior refers to the desire of punishing individuals who cheat or do not cooperate in social interactions and occurs though it is costly and does not generate benefits for those who punish. Considered a regulatory mechanism of cooperation and social norms, it determines the standards of conduct to be followed. The altruistic punishment has been identified in several studies using economic games, which promote situations of conflict between the self-interest and the collective interest. Aiming to identify and understand the altruistic punishment behavior in consumers, this dissertation adapted situations within the consumption context and made use of experimental studies to achieve its purpose. Accordingly, situations involving services recovery have been adapted, embracing the central idea of the Ultimatum Game (to accept or deny a proposal). Furthermore, this work was based on the theory of perceived justice, often used in the services context to explain consumers reactions to the solutions offered by companies upon the occurrence of a failure. Applying this theory is consistent with the logic regarding the economic game, in which the perception of (in)justice plays a fundamental role in the decisions of the game. The results allow saying that the rational behavior, described as a standard solution to the economic games, and the altruistic punishment arisen as a result of perceived injustice, were both identified in this work. Studies indicated that retaliation and denial or acceptance of the offer are influenced by the perception of (in)justice. Thus, it has been identified that some individuals who perceived the experimental situation as unfair, denied the offer and punished the company through retaliation, having demonstrated an altruistic punishment behavior. Moreover, mediation tests indicated negative emotions as a variable that partially mediates the relationship between distributive justice and altruistic punishment. Results also revealed cost to be a factor influencing the decision to demonstrate an altruistic punishment behavior, which did not occur concerning the impact of the punishment