A proteção social aos refugiados acolhidos no Brasil : a ofensiva neoliberal na corrosão da materialização dos direitos humanos

Abstract

This study discusses about the social protection of refugees and people who need refuge in Brazil facing the neoliberal offensive, in materializing human rights inherent to human dignity. Such investigation abled to observe the historic, contradictory and ideological movement of widening and retrocessions of the system of social protection of social rights, derived from the state functions attributed in capitalism. Therefore, we contextualized the relationship of Nation- State, Human Rights and Refuge, as well as problematizing the migration flows of refugees, the social protection and the effectiveness of public policies in Brazil. The method we used was the dialectic-historical materialism, which ables tools to identify the oppositions in National State, in their attention to the strategies of protection to this population, as well as the systems which generated the refuge situation. It is an exploratory qunti-qualitative research and not probabilistic, from 1990 to 2020. Furthermore, from this dialectic it is possible to think about the reality as a historical and contradictory process in constant change, which allows the comprehension of reality lived by refugees in Brazil and the necessity of building a critical debate of this scenario facing the profession socio-historical commitment of social service. This study presupposes the opposition between the state and conditionings of refugees’ condition and the protection system of this population. In this dynamic, the complexity of the challenges of social protection inherent to human dignity of refugees in Brazilian territory, in which the neoliberal context challenges the integrality of Human Rights, the ones that face problems in their effectivation, e cause of the incompatibility of their values conflicting with the ones of the market, the preservation of interests of the dominant class who have the production means and ways of added value expropriation, in detriment to major population, who have work strengh to generate retability to capital. However, who does not "fit" in none of these denominations, as the refugees in Brazil, the biopolitics materializates itself by necropolitics of nation states. At last, we emphasized the necessity of analyzing different mechanisms to insert public services, to prevent the process of revitmizing, segregation, discrimination, violence and intensification of human rights lived by refugees in Brazil, who are already in a situation of human (dis)protection. The research allowed to arrive in the following thesis in the study: the answers formulated by social protection destinated to refugees, consolide theirselves in emergencial, discontinued and restritive actions (destined to part of this population) and focused in work insert, for integrating these people in society. So, we do not recognize the prevalance of a protection system of access to social rights inherent to particularities of human dignity of refugees, nor the prevalance of a system of residual protection, the ones that were restricted in regularization of Brazilian rules.