Terapia oncológica em idosos com câncer : perfil epidemiológico e toxicidade relacionada ao tratamento antineoplásico sistêmico

Abstract

The aging may influence the safety of antineoplastic treatment, due to intrinsic characteristics, such as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes, and extrinsic, increased risk of adverse events. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical-epidemiological profile and toxicity induced by the systemic antineoplastic treatment of elderly with cancer, as well as factors related to its development. Observational, prospective cohort study in patients aged ≥60 years who did systemic antineoplastic treatment for solid tumors at two tertiary hospitals from May to September 2020. The study included 178 individuals with an average age of 70, 8 ± 7.6 years, 57.1% were female, 82.6% with some comorbidities and 66.9% with classification by the scale Geriatric 8 ≤ 14. The main neoplasms identified were lung (21.9%), breast ( 15.7%) and colorectal (14.0%), diverse according to sex, and 72.5% had metastatic disease. 69.7% of the elderly had an adverse event to systemic antineoplastic treatment, most mild to moderate grade, and the most frequent were fatigue (28.9%), nausea/vomiting (25.6%) and diarrhea (18.2%). Toxicity to systemic antineoplastic treatment was associated with the systemic treatment regimen used, the presence of a modification of the standard systemic cancer treatment regimen and a score ≤ 14 on the G8 scale. These results determine the toxicity profile for systemic antineoplastic treatment in these individuals and identify factors associated with their development, allowing the direction of actions and studies aimed at assistance during antineoplastic treatment for the elderly.