Vidas desqualificadas : narrativas sobre (re) destituições do poder familiar

Abstract

This paper presents the analysis of the narratives of families, children and institutional agents involved in the system of guarantees and protection of the rights of children and youth, on the recurrence of the application of the protective measure of institutional reception and legal action to suppress the family power. This doctoral thesis was developed from the apprehension of this theme and was organized in three studies. The study 1 carried out a systematic review about studies that describes and analyzes psychosocial evaluative and interventional practices in cases of destitution of the family custody. The nine studies analyzed, within the established criteria, were developed in Brazil and the United States of America (USA). The five national studies present generic interventional practices, associated with reports of professional experiences. The other studies present a greater variety of evaluative and interventional practices, but are not extended to the International child welfare network. The literature suggests a tendency to naturalize the legal actions of suspension and removal of family custody from families marked by poverty, as one of the expressions of social inequalities. The study 2 analyzed the trajectory of four families in the social care network that accompanies the protective measures for institutional care and destitution of the family custody in Rondônia (BR). From the discourse analysis in psychoanalytic perspective used in the corpus of archives and interviews, it appears that the judicial action applied to poor families is evident, where women are the main culprits for the failures in care management, in addition to discontinuity follow-up after the completion of court proceedings. The theoretical choice that underlies the analytical process is oriented by psychoanalysis, since it points to a reading of the subject of the unconscious, integrated with the discourse analysis, which indicates the ideological interpellations. It is understood here that both readings are liable to converge for the understanding of social phenomena, present in the repetition cycles that caracterizes as vulnerable and criminalize mainly the women, precariously heard and attended to. Finally, the study 3 presents a discussion, based on fragments of two clinical cases, about the place of children in the processes of destitution of family power and adoptions. Once again, a psychoanalytical approach was chosen, because it differentiates the child - position of object for the Other - from the unconscious subject, emphasizing another marker of separation from the adult world, which is ethics. Listening to the child-subject in the psychoanalytic clinic, does not disregard the legal and social processes that entangle them, in which the psychoanalyst is inserted in a polysemic network of discourses, but questions about the ties and desire for affiliation or not. The hiding of information about the progress of the legal processes of these subjects throws them into fantasies of shattering and annihilation, whose anguish is revealed unbearable, making it difficult for them to reposition themselves in the face of the countless losses that eviction from their family life evokes. Listening to the unconscious subject removes the infant's place, who does not speak, constituting a place in which he must confront the question of who I am, building his own fiction. The sum of studies that make up the thesis indicates the need to build up work practices along with families and children that consider historical processes, ideological formations that ideologically challenge and subject them, making it difficult to access the positions of subject-citizen and subject of the unconscious, contributing for the repeated failures in family and institutional care processes and operating as an instrument to increase social inequalities in the country.