Afetividade e reflexividade : sobre a possibilidade de realização das relações de tolerância a partir de uma leitura da filosofia de Benedictus de Spinoza

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to understand how it is possible, based on affectivity and reflexivity, to achieve tolerance relations according to a reading of the philosophy of the 17thcentury Dutch thinker Benedictus de Spinoza. The problem posed as the kernel of this doctoral dissertation is to think about how it is possible to minimize the conflicts present in a political body, in whose plurality it partakes. For this articulation, it will be analyzed how affective relationships are established and how the development of reflexivity happens in the structure of human affection itself in the midst of joyful affections, especially from passive joy, which is identified as a transformative indicator of affection, because of its paradoxical characteristic of being, at once, an indirect cause of sadness leading human beings to question their experienced joys and, consequently, to seek a new-order joy, an active joy. The experience of such an active joy is properly the development of reflexivity, that is, when the act of understanding is felt as a stronger and contrary joy than passive joys. From the development of reflexivity, it will be exposed how the relations of tolerance can be the effect of a reflexive exercise, thus making it possible to conceive of tolerance as an action or activity in a Spinozan sense.