A associação entre a obesidade e o desenvolvimento do adenoma, um precursor do câncer colorretal

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: One of the most important concerns on health is the increased rates of obesity in population and the speed in which this number is increasing. This growing increasing in the obese population translates a serious public health problem, since it also increases the risk of several other pathologies associated with obesity and it results in a significant morbidity and mortality. Among these, it seems to be several neoplasms, such as colorectal carcinoma (CRC). OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the relationship of obesity as a risk factor for CRC through the detection of adenoma, and to discuss the mechanisms that could establish a link between obesity and neoplasm. METHODS: Patients who underwent colonoscopy at the Proctology Service of the São Lucas Hospital of PUCRS between the years 2017 and 2018 were included. Personal and anthropometric data, clinical history, and results of the tests were analyzed in order to verify the correlation of BMI and the presence of adenomatous polyps. RESULTS: A total of 142 patients were studied, whith a mean age of 62 years. Of the patients, 74 (52.1%) were men and 68 (47.9%) were. Obesity was identified in 16.2% of the patients. Polyps were found in 61 patients (42.9%), mostly smaller than 1 cm. Obese individuals were 1.29 times more likely to present colorectal adenoma than patients with normal weight. CONCLUSIONS: This study, although showing the greater presence of colorectal adenomas in obese individuals, did not show a significant difference in the occurrence of premalignant lesions.