Eleições legislativas de 2012 e a política de cotas para mulheres no Brasil : uma análise da reforma da Lei 9.504/97

Abstract

With objective of creating greater gender parity inside the legislature, a law was created in 1998 that guaranteed a minimum quota for each gender in the electoral lists of Brazilian parties. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the effect of the gender quota reform instituted in 2009, which stipulated the minimum percentage of 30% for each gender in the party lists, on the percentage of female councilors. The identification strategy divided the Brazilian municipalities into four groups: I) the units that fulfilled the percentage predicted in the quota in the elections of 2008 and 2012 elections; II) the units that did not following the quota percentage in 2008 or in 2012; III) the units that did not comply with the quota percentage in election of 2008 and comply in election of 2012; iv) the units that were complied in 2008 and are no longer complied in 2012. The Differences in Differences methodology is applied to measure the effect of the law. The results indicated a slight positive effect of the reform on the increase of women elected, however, also indicated that the number of women competing has a discrete negative effect. The results also indicate that young voters and female voters tend to vote more for female candidates.