Sangue, suor e lágrimas : problemas, perspectivas e desafios na preservação do patrimônio arqueológico em licenciamentos ambientais

Abstract

The present study aims to highlight, reflect and make a critical analysis of the existing problems and barriers for the preservation and management of the archaeological heritage (GPA), in the environmental licensing process at the State level, in context of Normative Instruction (IN) nº 01/2015, since it was “building”, as well as the perspectives, the progress and the challenges yet to be faced. Methodologically, searches were conducted on the main conceptual aspects necessary for the full understanding of the GPA, addressed the regulations for the preservation and the actors involved. The description of the process of "building" of the new rule was made possible through the monitoring of the facts at the time, as well as analyze several news and articles published in different media, documents and articles. Events were held, in addition to the demonstrations and discussions highlighted. Were discussed the procedures for the participation of the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) in previous and current licenses, as well as of environmental licensing and the relationship between them. The research carried out and the analysis of NI, allowed the identification and analysis of barriers and problems of all kinds in the current context, as well as of the main positive aspects, beyond the view of the author, corroborated with the IPHAN, the Sociedade de Arqueologia Brasileira (SAB), some selected researchers and the community. Among the main problems are the failure in joint, communication and compatibility of interests among the actors in GPA and the lack of participation of the IPHAN in environmental licensing. Knowledge of problematic, of events, of the new legislation in force and the proposals in processing in the Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA), made possible an overview of the progress and the future, considered the prospects and challenges for the implementation and effectiveness of the GPA. Was evidenced the need of adopting measures and urgent actions to change this scenario with so many problems, whose time is worrying through the large and looming threats of changes in licensing rules, which will certainly shake Archaeology as a whole, asking: what will be the next bureaucracy and problems? It will be the end of Archaeology of Contract?