A política de cotas na educação superior: as (a)simetrias entre o acesso nas universidades federais e o desenvolvimento social brasileiro

Abstract

The current study is an analysis about the quotas policies at the Federal Universities since the Quotas Law promulgation, in 2012, and its relation with the Brazilian social development. It is a qualitative research driven by dialectical-critical method, which starts on with the assumption that the public University as a social institution can correlates with the social development, being its own access one of its dimensions. It is guided by the following question: What is the relation between the Federal Universities quotas policies and the Brazilian social development? To respond to, it is necessary to recover historical and theoretical aspects of the academic education and the evolution of the country encompassing periods, from Brazil when it was a Colony until Brazil in the XXI century; to explore, from inside of this thread, the Federal Academic Education Institutions’ affirmative action policies growth, with the quotas policies as one of its modalities, as well as the principles and the debates that enfold its configuration and implantation; uses the documental research enveloping the 12.711 law from 2012, the projects that preceded the law, as from the documents produced by eight Federal Universities which encompass data about the vacancy booking system implementation. Among its main results, there are the following conclusions: The quotas policy reflects the pressure being exerted by the Brazilian black social movement and from the indigenous people, as well as, the response from the government to the present stage demands of the capitalist methods of production, being able to constitute itself as an instrument of social conflicts containment; it represents a process of a finite disruption, as far as it concerns to the racial matter, from a public University, historically focused to the access and education of the middle class and the upper class. Therefore, the quotas policy associates itself with the social development in the scope of the dependant Brazilian capitalist society inasmuch as provides progressive social changes to the Federal Universities access and incorporates, at the same time, the conception of human capital and the white racial ideology. This process outcame and the redirection of the social development model on which they enroll, builds up the dispute between contradictory societal terms projects and, consequently, the concrete conditions and the capacity of mobilization and resistance of the working class and from the social movements in their fight for their rights for the universalisation, gratuity and quality of the public education, and for the racism elimination and all forms of prejudice and discriminations.