Qualidade de vida, sintomas depressivos, aspectos psicossociais e clínicos de doadores vivos de rim após a doação

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: When discussing the living transplant donation, the focus is, most of the times, in the organ’s receptor. After all, he is the sick ne, the patient, the reason of the process development that culminates in the surgery for function substitution. However, the donor is a complicated and fundamental part on the procedure, so that in the contrary of the other part, is an healthy subject that becomes a patient. Accepts mutilation, after emphatic identification with the one whose life quality is modified by a dysfunction. Various researchers have been studying the psychological, social and ethical implications involving kidney donors (BURROUGHS et al., 2003; STERNER et al., 2006; NEUHAUS et al., 2005). The donor subject that offers a body part for transplant will be bequeathing an invaluable gift and who receives the organ accepts it. To give and receive a present of that value may be the most important in this story filled with meanings of the human organ transplant. This extraordinary present, on the other hand, is not and private transaction between donor and receptor. On the contrary, happens inside a complex personal relationship network, wich is extended to families, doctors and all the other members of the health team that are involved in the operation. Inside the relationship network, a complex exchange happens, in which considerably more than an organ is transferred. (FOX & SWAZEY, 1978). OBJECTIVES: To know the donor subject profile and hos perception after the kidney donation in kidney transplantation. METHODOLOGY: The study proposed was observational, explanatory and transverse. The data were analyzed both in qualitative and quantitative ways. The subjects were called to enter the study, submmited toclinical and psychological evaluation (application of SF-36, Beck’s Depression Scale, and structured interview). The studied sample consisted of 47 individuals. The average pos-donation time of the evaluated subjects was 4 [1 à 8] min 0 29 max. RESULTS: The main relationship between donor and receptor was maternal, being the characteristics in that case: woman, about 45 years old, overweighed, consanguineous to the receptor, with incomplete fundamental scholarship, living with companion and children. Clinically, after tga donation, the donors presented, mostly, overweight (IMC 27,6), blood pressure between the normal limits (123 ± 18,1/78,5 ± 10 mmHg), proteinúria in urine sample of 6 mg [5 mg; 8 mg], 131,55± 70,58 of creatinina in urine sample and 1,28 (1,28± 0,27) of creatinina sérica. The transplant surgery was 74,5% realized by Videolaparoscopia and 25,5% by open surgery. The quality of life, evaluated by the SF 36, presented a variation of 59,2 ± 24,9 (Vitality) to 79,4 ± 24,3 (Functional Capability). The depression can be classified in the following way: 33 (70,21%) with minimal depression, 6 (12,70%) with low depression, 5 (10,63%) with moderated depression and 3 (6,30%) with severe depression. About the parental factor, 11 donors were not-related and 36 were related. In their majority, 41 (87,3%) the donors keep contact with the receptors, 28 (59,6%) referred that the relationship has not changed after the donation, 24 (51,1%) referred that had some kind of emotional limitation, 11 (23,4%) referred that the pain they felt was the most negative factor of the donation, 40 (85,1%) said that seeing the receptor well was the most positive aspect, 5 (10,6%) felt pressure to donate, 4 (8,5%) regretted on donating. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that it was possible to know the donors profile and their perception after the kidney donation and kidney transplantation.