Efeito terapêutico de células-tronco mesenquimais no tratamento da sepse experimental

Abstract

Sepsis, a medical condition that affects 18 million people per year worldwide, is characterized by a generalized inflammatory state caused by infection. The widespread activation of coagulation pathways and inflammation progresses to multiple organ failure, the collapse of the circulatory system (septic shock) and death. Despite decades of research and numerous clinical trials, little progress has been made in developing new treatments and mortality rates are virtually the same in the last 20 to 30 years. As such, sepsis remains a difficult opponent for surgeons and their patients, so the search for new therapeutic alternatives becomes strictly essential. Recently stem cells have emerged as a promising therapy for a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, and several others. Its beneficial effects are due mainly to their ability to connect to injury and inflammation, to attenuate the inflammatory response, and accelerate tissue healing and neoangiogenesis due to noxious stimuli. Considering this therapeutic potential, this study aimed to evaluate whether these cells could lead to immune response back into balance, reducing the pathophysiology of sepsis and thereby increase the survival time in mice using an experimental model of sepsis. Our results demonstrated that treatment with mesenchymal stem cells was able to increase survival time of the animals that were tested. This effect is due to the ability of these cells to modulate the immune response providing a smaller reduction in tissue injury and apoptotic cells. These findings demonstrate that mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic potential and can function as a possible future treatment for sepsis.