Integridade da pasta de cimento classe G de poços de injeção de CO2 em presença de solução salina

Abstract

This work addresses the topic geological storage of CO2 in oil wells from the point of view of studying the integrity of materials, specifically cement paste used to cement and seal oil and gas wells. The degradation of class G cement paste was evaluated after exposure to wet supercritical CO2 and in the presence of different concentrations of saline solutions (NaCl 0.5 M, 1M, 2M and 4M) in terms of microstructural changes and compressive strength. The degradation tests of cement paste were carried out at a temperature of 70 ° C and 15 MPa, which corresponds to a well of approximately 1.500 m, for a period up to 50 days. The mechanism of degradation of cement observed involves the dissolution of portlandite, the precipitation of calcium carbonate (cement carbonation) and subsequent dissolution of carbonates, creating a highly porous layer near the surface of samples (bicarbonate layer). The results obtained indicate that the chemically modified layer due to reactions involving CO2 has a tendence to decrease as the salinity of the solution increase up to 2 M, which in this case is probably associated with the fact that the solubility of CO2 in solution decreases as salinity increases. However, for concentration of 4 M, close to NaCl saturation in solution, an increase in thickness of the layer chemically altered was observed, which can be related to high chemical activity of CO2 in this concentration, once its activity increases greatly with salinity. The chemical degradation suffered by the cement paste due to exposition to CO2 for periods up to 50 days did not affect its compressive strength; on the contrary for most of the cases a small increase on compressive strength was observed, which may be associated with the pore clogging by carbonates