Ecologia cognitiva e forrageio social de macacos-da-noite (Aotus infulatus e A. nigriceps) em cativeiro

Abstract

Owl monkeys are monogamous animals that live in small groups composed of an adult reproductive pair and their offspring. They are the only anthropoid primates with a nocturnal lifestyle. Their period of activity in a dim light environment hampers research efforts. In this context, the captivity provides a controlled environment that can be manipulated for studying their behavior and cognitive ecology. Four individual Aotus infulatus and six Aotus nigriceps distributed into three adult pairs, one group composed of an adult pair and their daughter and one solitary male were studied at the Criadouro Conservacionista de Animais Silvestres Arca de Noé. The objectives of this study were to test the ability of monkeys to use olfactory, visual, auditory, spatial and quantitative information in foraging decision-making and to identify the strategies of social foraging and the occurrence of food sharing and female priority to food resources. Five visually similar feeding boxes were established in each enclosure. A total of 45 sessions (three sessions per night during 15 consecutive days) per enclosure were conducted in each experiment. The behavior of the study subjects was filmed with a video camera equipped with infrared light. A single feeding box was baited with a food reward in each session (except in the spatial + quantitative experiment), whose location could vary depending on the experimental protocol. Only one female showed a performance that suggests that she was learning the usefulness of sight to locate the food reward in the visual information experiment. Study subjects performed at chance level in all other experiments. Females invested more in foraging and consumed more food rewards than males, despite the lack of priority to food resources. A single event of food sharing (from father to daughter) was recorded. The animals showed a preference for certain feeding boxes and agonistic behaviors for defending boxes and food rewards. In sum, the behavior of the study subjects did not allow confirming and comparing the relative importance of the cognitive skills in foraging decision-making, but it confirmed a greater foraging investment by adult females.