Análise da expressão do mRNA das enzimas timidina fosforilase e uridina fosforilase 1 e 2 e dos fatores de transcrição PDEF e ETV4 em tumores de próstata e de rim

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most important urological tumor and the second most common in men. The incidence and mortality of this multifactorial disease are varied and take into account behavioral factors and genetic predisposition. The main predisposing factors are age, race and family history. Among the various histological subtypes, the acinar adenocarcinoma is the most common. The classification of this tumor, from transrectal ultrasonography and biopsy needle, is made for degrees of Gleason score and TNM classification that provides for tumor staging. The prostatic carcinoma has a propensity to metastasize and is regulated by various molecular signaling pathways through genes, proteins, enzymes, receptors and transcription factors. The RCC is the third most common urological tumor. The wide variation in incidence correlates with the geographical area. Risk factors can be various as smoking, genetic diseases and genetic alterations. The vast majority of cases occur in adults and in the renal parenchyma, and comprise five histological subtypes, the clear and sporadic cells being the most common. The histological differentiation is made by Fuhrman grade and staging by TNM classification. As the clinical manifestations are varied, most patients are diagnosed incidentally and by ultrasonography. The enzymes thymidine phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase 1 and 2 as well as the transcription factors PDEF and ETV4 are reported as components of pathways leading to tumorigenesis and / or metastasis. The objective of this work is to analyze these enzymes and transcription factors and their correlation with clinical and pathological variables in prostate and kidney cancers as well as in bening tissue, by RT-PCR in real time. In prostate cancer, the geometric mean of the relative expression of transcription factors PDEF and ETV were greater in the tumor than in the benign tissues These factors also had a significant correlation between them in tumor tissue and benign tissue. The geometric mean of relative expression of the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase 1 strongly and significantly correlated between them in benign and in malignant prostate samples. The geometric mean of relative expression of thymidine phosphorylase also correlated moderately and significantly with the ETV4 in benign tissues. The geometric mean of relative expression of uridine phosphorylase in tumor T3 was significantly lower than in T1 and T2 prostate tumors. Kidney carcinoma TNM Classification strongly and significantly correlated with the relative expression of the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase and negatively correlated very strong and significantly with the enzyme uridine phosphorylase. The relative expression of the transcription factor ETV4 correlated negatively and significantly stronger with the TNM classification, and correlated with strength and significance with the relative expression of uridine phosphorylase in tumor tissues of the kidney.