Influência da inclinação do implante distal e da extensão do cantilever na remodelação óssea periimplantar em próteses totais fixas : um estudo metodológico em tomografias computadorizadas

Abstract

Studies have been shown that for the treatment of the edentulous arches with Branemark protocol the inclination of the most posterior implants with distal cantilever extensions does not appear to have harmful effects on the bone structure. The objectives of this study were; 1) to develop a methodological approach for the evaluation of implant inclination and periimpllant bone remodeling (PBR) through the cone beam computer tomography (CBCT), 2) to investigate the influence of the implant inclination and cantilever extension on the PBR of most distal implants adjacent to prosthetic cantilever in fixed implant-supported complete dentures (FISCD). Twenty distal implants of 10 FISCD were evaluated from 7 patients treated at the clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry of PUCRS. To measure the PBR and inclination of the implants, CBCT scans at the prosthetic delivery phase and 1 year after delivery were used. With the Kodak CS 3D software the central region of the implant was determined and reference lines were traced on coronal and sagittal planes, on the center of the implant and perpendicular to this central line at the apex of the implant in order to measure the periimplant bone level (PBL). To evaluate the mesio-distal and vestibulo-lingual/palatinal implant inclination a reference line was traced on the occlusal plane and the angle between the central line of the implant was measured. The data of mesial, distal, vestibular and lingual/palatinal PBLs were collected in two moments to evaluate PBR in 1 year. The results show that, inclination of the implants adjacent to cantilever presented variations in mesio-distal and vestibulo-lingual/palatinal directions relative to occlusal plane. In general, bone loss occurred on mesial, distal, vestibular and lingual/palatinal faces of the distal implants. Higher bone loss values were obtained on distal and vestibular faces. A direct moderate/strong correlation was detected between cantilever extension and distal PBR in maxilla. This study has demonstrated that, the proposed methodological technique and was reliable and reproducible to evaluate PBR in mesio-distal and vestibulo-lingual/palatinal dimensions.