Deliberação pública e razoabilidade : a inclusão do discurso religioso na razão pública de John Rawls

Abstract

With the permanence of religions in contemporary societies, discussions involving the state, law and religion have deepened, especially due to the influence of religion in the political sphere. With this in mind, this paper focuses on the element of religion in the works of philosopher John Rawls. In Political Liberalism, Rawls questions how religious citizens can endorse a political conception of justice that supports a just democratic regime. Among the criticisms made of Rawlsian philosophy, one of the crucial points was that public reason is restrictive to religious discourses in public deliberation. In view of this, the problem of this thesis is whether the political conception of justice has conceptual elements for a more inclusive interpretation of public reason. After all, can religious citizens use their religious reasons in public deliberation or not? The thesis of the work is to demonstrate that public deliberation and reasonableness are instruments for making the political conception of justice more inclusive in its public reason in relation to the discourse of religious doctrines in a democracy. To this end, the work was divided into analyzing the treatment of religion in Rawls' works, presenting its main concepts, criticisms and how public deliberation and reasonableness are fundamental elements for demonstrating an inclusive public reason with reasonable religious discourses