Comportamentoalimentar, imagem corporal e qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos a bypass gástrico durante a pandemia de covid--19

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic disease of metabolic and genetic origin associated with excess body fat, which can trigger several pathologies. The treatment of obesity involves clinical and surgical approaches, however, bariatric surgery is considered the most effective form of treatment today. Even with the success of surgical treatment, the treatment of obesity requires definitive behavioral changes, as possible recurrences of habitual eating patterns increase the risk of weight regain and other complications. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in December 2019 in China and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. As a result, the population underwent a rapid change in lifestyle, and social distancing impacted the lives of individuals, affecting eating habits and daily behaviors. Individuals with obesity represent a highly fragile population, since this condition is often associated with significant psychological comorbidity, which can cause discontinuous adherence to long-term treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the eating behavior, quality of life and body image perception of individuals undergoing gastric bypass type bariatric surgery during the first and second years of the COVID-19 pandemic. The population consisted of 116 severely obese patients undergoing gastric bypass. Data collection was performed in the preoperative (December 2018 to February 2020) and postoperative (March 2020 to August 2021) periods. All collections of the postoperative period were performed after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the groups were divided into group 1 (n=77) where the postoperative period was during the first year of the pandemic, and group 2 (n=77) =39) where the postoperative period was during the second year of the pandemic, 71.6% of the sample was female with a mean age of 37.1 years (±10.9). As for the eating behavior scores in the preoperative period, the presence of EE (55.5) in group 1, UE (51.8) and EE (61.1) in group 2 was observed. In the postoperative period there was a predominance of CR, with values of 66.7 and 61.1 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The eating behavior, quality of life and perception of body image of individuals undergoing gastric bypass showed differences during the first and second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. More studies are needed to assess the impact of social distancing imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic on bariatric individuals.