Os coletivos criminais e as mulheres traficantes : considerações sobre a presença de facções nos presídios femininos do rio grande do sul

Abstract

In recent decades, we have seen the expansion of female incarceration rates for the crime of drug trafficking. Recent data indicate 56.16% of women imprisoned compared to 38.72% of men imprisoned for the same offense. Indeed, the link between women and criminality has sometimes been sublet in empirical research that has the drug market as its object, linking these women's performances to a loving and/or victimized outfit. Although there are renowned works on women's prisons, there are few researches that address the issue of organized female articulation linked to Brazilian prison groups. In this sense, this dissertation intends to formalize the incipient questions to the possible articulation and involvement of women in criminal factions in Rio Grande do Sul, having as research object the Women's Penitentiary Madre Pelletier, located in Porto Alegre/RS, and the Women's State Penitentiary of Guaíba/RS. The proposed analysis permeates the articulation of three main sources of research: the realization of semi-structured interviews with people linked to the object of research institutions and legal practitioners; the survey of news in local newspapers - Zero Hora, Diário Gaúcho and Correio do Povo - and the repositories of institutions linked to the state penitentiary and public security system, and analysis of official reports and documents on the female penitentiary system. Ten interviews were conducted between July 2020 and January 2021. Afterwards, the research mobilized the reports collected from the interviews with the theoretical framework produced by the field of sociology of violence in Brazil on prison factions, drug trafficking, women and prisons; from the qualitative analysis, that is, the application of semi-structured interviews, it sought to answer questions related to the expansion and consolidation of criminal groups in women's prisons in Rio Grande do Sul, unveiling the roles occupied by women in the dynamics of drug trafficking, as well. with the influence that these imply to the scenario – intramural and extramural – of the capital and metropolitan region of the State. The deepening of the theme lies in the idea that denying women's role in the drug market tends to mask the problem and, to some extent, supplant its expansion. While for many the presence of factions in the female prison system seemed far away, the statements in this research reveal another reality regarding the integration of women into drug trafficking networks. There is a consensus among the 10 interviewees about the presence of the groups Bala na Cara, Antibala and Manos in the Women's Penitentiary of Guaíba since 2015/2016, which I named here as the zero point of spatialization.