Efeito do ácido deoxicólico nas regiões submentoniana, inguinal e subplantar de ratos : análise clínica e histológica

Abstract

With the increase of the demand for cosmetic procedures in the face, deoxycholic acid (DCA) has arrived as an alternative in the reduction of submental fat. After the injection in that region, it causes the rupture of adipocytes, followed by an inflammatory process. Literature reports local adverse events such as pain, edema, numbness, hematomas, swelling and, less frequently, alopecia, dysphagia, mandibular nerve lesion, cutaneous ulceration and nodule formation. In this way, on the first article of this dissertation, an update of properties and applications of the product, adverse events and possible complications of its use was performed. The second article presents a study in animal model, which aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of DCA in submental, inguinal and subplantar regions of rats by clinical and histological analysis. Sixty Wistar rats (n=60) were allocated into two groups, deoxycholic acid (n=30) and control (n=30), in which saline solution was applied. The DCA was applied in the submental (submandibular gland), inguinal and subplantar regions of rats. The animals were euthanized after 24 hours, seven and 21 days. After a clinical analysis, the submandibular gland, inguinal fat and soft tissue from paw were histologically analyzed. Clinical analysis showed edema, in 24 h, on the submental and subplantar regions, followed by extending ulcerations on the the dorsal side of the paw at seven days. In 21 days, it was observed remission of the ulcers, with alopecia in the cicatricial area. Soft tissues from paw showed intense edema and inflammatory infiltrates with predominance of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells in 24 hours. At seven days, there was persistence of inflammation, with epithelial discontinuity and, at 21 days there was significant reduction of those features. The inguinal adipose tissue showed inflammatory infiltrate and loss of architecture in 24 hours, followed by decrease of the number of adipose cells and fibroplasia at 21 days. Histological evaluation of submandibular glands revealed an inflammatory process compatible with that of other regions. Edema, inflammation and vacuolization were observed after 24 hours. Important loss of tissue architecture was evidenced at 21 days, in addition to fibrosis. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the injection of AD into subcutaneous fibrous connective tissue and salivary glands triggers an intense inflammatory reaction, causing ulceration of the lining epithelium and disorganization of the gland parenchyma, respectively. New studies evaluating long-term acinar changes, as well as their repercussions on glandular function, are needed.