Framework para o compartilhamento do conhecimento : organizações não governamentais e seus stakeholders

Abstract

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are in a context of complexity and unpredictability of the future, with constant changes and conflicts, and dealing with all of this must mobilize potential creators and transformers ok knowledge. The mobilization for creation and transformation becomes, then, the new role of these knowledge-intensive organizations such as NGOs. Knowledge sharing can positively contribute to the innovation and competitive advantage of these institutions. Non-governmental organizations must be, or become, knowledge-based organizations. Adequate knowledge sharing among its stakeholders can be hampered by the emergence of barriers, such as communication failures, type of organizational culture, lack of training, technological barriers, lack of time and individualistic mentality. This research aims to propose a framework for knowledge sharing among non-governmental organization stakeholders. The research was carried out through a multiple case study, of the exploratory type. Data collection took place through the reading and analysis of documents and through seventeen interviews with members from various areas and departments. For data analysis, the content analysis technique was used. The main results found are: 1) the flow of knowledge happens towards managers for coordination, which makes it less effective to share knowledge with other stakeholders; 2) knowledge sharing mechanisms are sufficient, but more constant use of technological tools is necessary; 3) regarding barriers, respondents identified technology, lack of time, lack of training, communication failures, absence of organizational culture and individualistic mentality; 4) as for the facilitators, the interviewees identified communication, training, technology and time; 5) knowledge sharing is more technical and explicit. Among the benefits cited are improved processes, credibility in the NGO’s work, learning of new knowledge, growth and expansion of the NGO, appreciation, well-executed projects and innovation. These results made it possible to build a knowledge sharing framework, as well as suggest actions to improve the flow of knowledge. The main actions identified were: 1) Align with the direction and managers of the NGO aiming to increase the flow of knowledge so that it does not only occur in the direction of the direction for coordination; 2) Raise awareness via information technology of the importance of increasing the use of more modern technologies; 3) joint work of directors and managers to reduce possible barriers.