Diáspora haitiana : a pesquisa psicanalítica do sujeito da migração

Abstract

Diaspora has always been a part of human history, related to everything from a search for new economic development opportunities to fleeing from wars and political persecution, leading people to either voluntary or forced migration. Following a 7.3 magnitude earthquake on the Richter scale in January 2010 in Haiti, a large-scale migration of Haitians to different parts of the world initiated. Destinations included Brazil. There is a need to expand the study on and reflection of migratory phenomena, focusing on the inherent complexity faced by these displaced people, and which sets in motion a series of representations in the face of diverse alterities. Based on the narratives of Haitian migrants, this study is aimed at accessing and questioning elements of their migratory experiences, according to the theoretical proposals of Bleichmar (2005), as well as the differences between what is implicit to the self-preservation of life and that which corresponds to the complexity of the self-preservation of the individual. Aimed at contributing to field studies, this thesis is broken down into three sections, the first of which is of a theoretical-methodological branch, the remaining two being of an empirical nature. The first section presents a methodological study that proposes possible articulation amongst three pillars that sustain the proposal of psychoanalytical research, namely, the psychoanalytical researcher, their transfer with Psychoanalysis and the production of metapsychological knowledge anchored in the space of university guidance. The second section responds directly to the objective of the aforementioned Thesis Project. It deals specifically with the application of the psychoanalytical method, grounded on the narratives of participants regarding their experiences as migrants. The study included 6 Haitians who came to Brazil following the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010. The interviews that sustained the study reveal the singularity of the striking paradox between possibilities and impossibilities of the subjective changes migrants face when dealing with their particular vicissitudes. Finally, the third section also features a psychoanalytical study in the form of a deposition prepared from the markedly healthy migratory process, undertaken by subjects that, making use of psychological resources, find in professional work a creative field for recognition and the expansion of their own subjectivity. The results obtained confirm the need to recognize the singularity of migrating people’s experiences, which has something to reveal about these experiences. Therefore, we must not refute the differences that migrants represent, avoiding policies that fail to address their real needs and ensuring an active voice for these people in actions related to the realities of their experiences. The effectiveness of measures taken by governments and society depends on a deeper understanding of the elements that make up contemporary migrations, aimed at a truly hospitable integration of this significant population.