Mapeamento de estressores e níveis de estresse de condenados por crimes sexuais

Abstract

Mapping stressors and stress levels of convicted sex offenders sexual violence is a serious public health problem in Brazil, but very little is known about the psychological and/or psychopathological characterization of individuals who perpetrate this aggression. In order to fill this gap, a cross-sectional, exploratory, quantitative study was carried out with self-report measures. The survey of socio- demographic data, psychological and psychopathological indicators and exposure to stress during the life of 93 sex offenders incarcerated in Brazil and 30 convicted of other crimes, were produced. Participants completed, in adult versions in Brazilian Portuguese, the Stress and Adversity Inventory (STRAIN) and the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment Adult Self-Report (ASEBA/ASR); sociodemographic issues were extracted through these two instruments. With the completion by the interviewer, the Interpersonal Measure of Psychopathy (IM-P) for the purpose of controlling possible biases of dissimulation and deception. The criminal characterization was obtained when the sample was taken from the legal records. The sample was divided into three groups (n = 123): child sex offenders (n = 61); adult sex offenders (n = 32); other crimes/control group (n = 30). It was observed that more than 50% of the sample scored in three variables out of a total of 21, indicative of possible psychopathic behaviors: Perseverance, Search for Alliance and Intense Contact of the Look. 80% of the sample have children and more than 70% are considered low income - classes D and E. Of the group of sex offenders (n = 93), 11.5% (n = 10) were victims of sexual abuse during childhood. It was verified that some variables such as age, substance use, hyperactivity/impulsivity and number of early adversities presented significant discrimination power between the three groups, and the group of child sex offenders presented a differentiated profile of the other groups. In a comparison between the incarcerated sample and the general population (n = 330), it was identified that more than 60% of inmates have incomplete elementary education, with schooling as a protection factor [OR: 0.620 (584 - 733)]. People with high schooling canceled out differences in the number of stressors [OR: 1.136 (0.900 - 1.434); p <0.001]. The default of formal education, a situation of low income, as well as the expanded experience of early stressors in the life of sex offenders, suggest a context of greater vulnerability and lack of better structure that can support this path of educational formation. The role of the schooling process is discussed as a protection factor favorable to the achievement of better conditions for human development. The role of the family and of society as structuring institutions of the personality emerges as preponderant. Finally, we highlight the reflection about the prospects of treatment for victims and aggressors, the latter who will tend to re- enter society, as well as to expand efforts and research to seek preventive action towards the ideal of suppression of sexual violence.