Diferencial de desempenho dos alunos : uma análise utilizando regressões quantílicas

Abstract

The present study aims to find out which determinants of school performance provide the greatest differences on the student’s scores in Mathematics and Portuguese Language for the 5th and 9th year, and identify their effects on the students with the best and worst grades. Recognizing these differentials helps in proposing educational policies, because it can have a sense of what is a priority in the implementation of a public policy, as well as helping to better understand the causes of grade disparities among students. To that end, Quantile Regressions (RQ) will be used with data from the Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica (SAEB) for the year 2015. The results found identify the determinants Índice socioeconômico, Controle de entrada e saída da escola, Reprovado and Conservação da escola such as those that provide the greatest differences in students’ grades. The literature presented in the study emphasized the characteristics related to the family effect as main determinants of school performance and, consequently, should assume this importance in the performance differentials, although, the variables related to the school effect surprised when they presented important differentials in the scores of the students.