Hibridação e introgressão em zona de contato entre Alouatta guariba clamitans e Alouatta caraya (Primates) no sul do Brasil estudadas com dados genômicos

Abstract

Contact zones between Alouatta caraya and A. guariba clamitans with mixed groups has been recently documented and hybridization was inferred by the presence of individuals with mixed morphological patterns. Here we sequenced thousands of ultraconserved elements in noninvasive fecal samples within a hybrid zone and from adjacent populations from both species and characterize 3302 polymorphic sites. We found several F1 hybrids in a narrow contact zones, derived from both combinations of parents, but also found evidence of hybrids in the A. g. clamitans zone that likely originated from serial backcrosses of hybrid males with purebred A. g. clamitans females. There is no evidence of any maternal (mtDNA) introgression, and only two female F1 hybrids were found, therefore female F1 hybrids seem inviable or infertile. On the other hand, we found bidirectional introgression of the Y-chromosomes at least tens of kilometers away from both sides of the contact zone, in otherwise apparently purebred individuals, indicating a not recent introgression mediated by males.