Síntese e caracterização de compósitos tipo PLGA-apatita/biovidro macroporosos para aplicações biomédicas

Abstract

Bone injuries are a common form of trauma, being reported about 15 million fractures each year worldwide. Some of these lesions require the use of grafts to achieve bone regeneration. Currently, the main method used for treatment of these lesions is the use of autologous grafts. Although this technique is considered the gold standard of bone regeneration, there are some disadvantages such as the need for surgery to collect material and the lack of it. The application of composite biodegradable polymers such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), calcium phosphates and bioactive ceramics such as apatite and bioglasses, represent an alternative in treatment of bone lesions. This is due to the possibility of combining characteristics of both materials. The objective of this research is to produce porous matrices PLGA:apatite/bioglass via two methodologies: salt leaching and lyophilization. The loads used in this study were synthesized by coprecipitation and evaluated by XRD, FTIR, SEM and DLS. The obtained porous structures are characterized by SEM, mercury porosimetry, compression, microtomography, in vitro degradation and in vitro biocompatibility. Highly porous composite scaffolds were obtained by the two methods studied. The load concentration and the type of load added to the polymeric matrix altered the mechanical properties and generated different surface features. Furthermore, the degradation rate of the supports is highly influenced by the added inorganic filler.