Prevalência de diferentes tipos de distúrbios do sono e correlação entre depressão, somatização e distúrbios do sono com disfunção temporomandibular em uma população adulta brasileira através dos questionários RDC/DTM e SAQ®

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated prevalence of various types of sleep disorders in a Brazilian population, and correlated temporomandibular disorder (TMD) with depression, somatization and sleep disorders. Materials and Methods: The study population was comprised by 1,643 users of the Public Health System of the city of Maringá, with an age range of 20 to 65 years. Prevalences of sleep disorders (insomnia, non-restorative sleep, sleep schedule disorder, daytime sleepiness, sleep apnea, and restlessness) were assessed by the Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ®). For the case-control study, data were obtained by RDC/TMD, Axis I and II, and SAQ®. Inclusion criteria for case group were presence of scores 3 or 4 on chronic pain grade (CPG), and zero CPG for control group. This way, case group was comprised by 84 individuals and control group by 1,048. The remaining 511 were excluded from this study, since they presented with a CPG = 1 or 2. Results: Thirty-one percent of the overall population (n=1,643) had complete high school education, and 70.1% were Caucasian, predominantly women (65.9%) ranging from 20-39 years old. According to the SAQ® global score, 56.8% showed some type of sleep disorder. The prevalence varied from 19.9% to 34.1%, depending on the type of sleep disorder. There were statistically significant differences between case- and control-group, related to depression, somatization, and sleep disorders levels (p<0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of sleep disorders, regardless of the type, demonstrated in our study, highlights the importance of assessing sleep quality in the health clinic routine, especially when considering the possible harms they may cause to the individual. In addition, the higher the levels of depression, somatization, and sleep disorders, the higher the risk of developing TMD with an increased CPG. This population study demonstrated the correlation between different levels of exposure among these variables and TMD for the first time in the literature.