Autoeficácia e motivação para mudança em adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade :estudo de um protocolo de intervenção baseado no modelo transteórico de mudança

Abstract

The overweight and obesity increase represents a threat in all countries of the world. A preliminary study with 1136 Brazilian adolescents shows that 20% were overweight and 10% obese. The conventional treatment of obesity is based on reducing calorie intake, increase energy expenditure, behavior change, and family involvement. The transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) is a model that works behavior change, seeking an increase in motivation for change and self-efficacy. This dissertation aims to describe and explain an interdisciplinary intervention based on the transtheoretical model of change (TTM) for adolescents with overweight/obesity. The Section I had as goal describe the methodology of Randomized Clinical Trial Modification Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Risk (MERC). The method of this randomized controlled trial is single blinded, with control group and aims to recruit 120 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years with overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 85th percentile). The control group will receive the traditional intervention of health education and the experimental group will receive a motivational and interdisciplinary intervention. The results of this randomized controlled trial will determine if the motivational interdisciplinary intervention based on the transtheoretical model of change has an impact on lifestyle change adolescents with overweight/obesity. The Section II aimed to explore self-efficacy and motivation for behavioral change eating habits and physical exercise in the process of an interdisciplinary intervention based on TTM for overweight/obesity. It was used a quantitative and qualitative descriptive study, ith a pre and post study design test to collect quantitative data and and a multiple case study to collect qualitative data. In this study, there were five adolescents aged between 15 and 18 with overweight/obese. It was applied before and after the intervention the following instruments and evaluations: questionnaire of sociodemographic data, anthropometric profile, self-efficacy to regulate eating habits, self-efficacy for regular exercise and readiness ruler. The results, of the Student t test, show that the variables of interest did not present statistically significant differences (p≤0,001 and p≤0,05). Regarding the impact of the intervention from the estimate of effect size, were classified as small effects for the variable weight and self-efficacy to regulate eating habits and moderate effect for the variables motivation for physical exercise, motivation to change eating habits, waist circumference and self-efficacy to maintain an exercise routine. These initial findings indicate that this intervention has a moderate effect for most variables of interest. The qualitative results show that the intervention had an impact on all participants, some advancing on the motivation to change, but remaining in cognitive processes, and others advancing on behavioral processes. Most of the participants showed an increase in selfefficacy for both target behaviors. This study enabled initial data of the impact of an intervention based on the transtheoretical model of change for overweight /obesity.