Estudo da eficácia dos extratos de frutos imaturos de Ilex paraguariensis St-Hil (Aquifoliaceae) no controle químico do molusco Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda, Ampullariidae)

Abstract

Pesticides are used for the control, prevention and eradication of unwanted organisms in agricultural production worldwide. In Brazil, the use of pesticides is widespread in many production crops such as soybeans and rice. Thus, the massive use of these chemicals results in varied and unknown means of contamination. The chemical or biological control is applied to the total or partial supression of these agricultural pests by adopting chemical methods or natural agents. Thus, the mollusks are one of the pests group which interfere with paddy production process may cause significant damage to production. Here we evaluated the potency of lyophilized plant extracts (decoction and butanol fraction) of Ilex paraguariensis unripe fruits on the chemical control of the rice pest snail Pomacea canaliculata under laboratory conditions and in a non-target organism, fry of the species Rhamdia quelen. The chromatography thin layer confirm the presence of chemical components such as saponins and flavonoids present in unripe fruits. Here delimit the Lethal concentrations averages (LC50%) and the Middle Lethal Time (LT50%) through the PROBIT test. The decoctions LC50% was 26.6 mgL-1 and TL50% was 16 h. The LC50% of butanol fraction was 24.4 mgL-1 and TL50% was 25 hr. To fry, The LC50% of decoctions was 17.6 mg L-1 and the TL50% was 11.9 h. Who are more sensitive to the extracts. Regression diagrams show the positive correlations of the toxicity of the extracts in relation to the death of animals. The measured abiotic parameters help to understand the effect that the extracts had the organisms causing the deaths. These results prove the effectiveness of chemical control in rice pest snail with plant extracts of unripe fruits of mate thus showing a sustainable alternative compared to other plants already used to control this pest mollusk. The advantage in the use of plant extracts is that the source of raw material to obtain is linked with mate production, namely industrial waste. The use of unripe fruits provide a new source of effective extracts for the chemical control of the Golden Apple Snail.