Identificação e determinação de resistência antimicrobiana em isolados nosocomiais de Acinetobacter baumannii

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with nosocomial infections, especially in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). This microorganism is renowned for its ability to survive under adverse conditions in the environment for extended periods, as well as to rapidly acquire resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Nowadays, the increasing antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii has been a great challenge for the medical community, since there are few effective options for the treatment of infections caused by this organism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the A. baumannii from an ICU environment and to characterize the antimicrobial drug resistance of the isolates obtained, as well as of the isolates from patients in ICU of the same hospital in which it was collected environmental samples. For this, 886 environmental and gloves samples were collected from an ICU of São Lucas Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil, and 46 clinical isolates were obtained from the Laboratory of the same hospital. After the identification of the isolates as A. baumannii by PCR using as target 16S rDNA and blaOXA-51 genes, the resistance to 20 antimicrobial drugs and the production of metallo-beta-lactamases were evaluated in isolates presenting carbapenem reduced susceptibility. Also, it was evaluated the presence of integrons and blaOXA-23 and blaIMP genes by PCR. A. baumannii was identified in 9.6% of environmental and glove samples collected. High percentage of multiresistant (MDR) isolates was found, as well as it was detected high rates of reduced susceptibility to carbapenems. All 89 isolates integron positive were MDR. Between isolates with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems, all presented blaOXA-23, and 41.4% non-clinical and 54% clinical carried the blaIMP. High resistance to polymyxin B was detected, mainly in non-clinical isolates. Although high prevalence has been found in clinical and non-clinical isolates, the latter constitute a great concern, because they can indicate the hospital environment as a reservoir of MDR A. baumannii.