Pobreza no Rio Grande do Sul : uma análise exploratória da sua distribuição espacial a partir de indicadores multi e unidimensionais

Abstract

In the present paper it was analyzed the spatial distribution of poverty in Rio Grande do Sul, the different definitions of poverty were discussed and the primary indicators of poverty in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul were described in a comparative way. Based on the methodology of Human Poverty Index (HPI) of The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), three city poverty indexes were created. The first is composed by the dimensions housing/sanitation, education, health and income, the second excludes income and the third is solely composed by income. After the indexes were created, three city poverty rankings were established and compared to the ranking of the City Human Development of 2010. For the analysis of poverty distribution in the State territory it was utilized Spatial Data Exploratory Analysis (SDEA) based on the poverty indexes elaborated from data of the Demographic Census 2010. For the analysis of poverty distribution in the State territory, the Explanatory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) was used based on the Demographic Census of 2010. The data utilized in the compilation of these indexes were collected at Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) through SIDRA database. The study found evidences of a pattern of poverty spatial association in Rio Grande do Sul as well as existence of poverty clusters in the State. The results demonstrated that the use of assessment methods of poverty based only on family income tends to underestimate the intensity and its distribution making it difficult to establish policies to try to eliminate it. It was evident the importance of the use of poverty multidimensional definition both for a correct measurement of it and for elaboration of adequate tools to fight it.