Uma análise da evolução e da dinâmica da desigualdade de renda nas principais regiões metropolitanas brasileiras (1998-2008)

Abstract

This study s main objective is to make an analysis of the dynamics and evolution of income inequality based on Brazil s main metropolitan areas from 1998 to 2008. To fulfill that goal it uses the most used Inequality Indexes: Gini index, Theil, Bourguignon and Hirschmann- Herfindhal. To amplify the analysis, this work uses those indexes decompositions by group in order to identify more accurately the inequality dynamic on the main metropolitan areas. The groups used are the educational levels, allowing a more accurate way to identify how individual s human capitals are related with Brazil s income inequality. For that, this work uses 2008 s Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (PED) microdata, providing idividual data for six Brazilian Metropolitan Areas. The eleven years period studied is characterized by a constant income growth, controlled inflation, and decrease of poverty indicators. That macroeconomic context is a transition in conjuncture of Brazil s economy, so that it becomes relevant to analyze income inequality s behavior on that period.On the same way, it is important to identify how educational level is linked to inequality. As general results, this work points out that all indexes shows a reduction on inequality along the years. And Gini Index, the main inequality index and it s decomposition show a decrease in income inequality, followed by a greater participation of between groups inequality and transvariation. This general result suggests that individuals with the same educational level tend to have more equal income, but between groups inequality suggests that there is an incentive to elevate human capital.