Compósitos de poliuretano-ZnO e poliuretano-SiO2 : efeito do método de preparação

Abstract

The need of new and different polymeric materials has attracted the attention to the study of composites using inorganic fillers. Considering the wide range of applications of the polyurethanes (PU) and the use of aqueous polyurethane dispersions in several areas, this work aimed to study the preparation and characterization of PU composites with zinc oxide (ZnO) and silica from the ash rice husk (SCA) in an aqueous dispersion of polyurethane (PAD). The composites were prepared with commercial materials, which was used in two different methods: in situ polimerization, where the load was added with the formed prepolymer and by physical mixing, where the load was added to the finished PAD. For these reaction, it was added 1%, 3% and 5% w / w ZnO and SCA, related to the mass of polyurethane formed in the reaction with the polyester polyol and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). The composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermodynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA). By analyzing the results, the composites with better mechanical performance were prepared in situ independent of used load. All composites showed degradation temperature, when compared with the pure PU (at least 20 ° C, regardless of the used load). It was observed that the in situ method provided better distribution of the inorganic filler in the polymer matrix besides that, the thermal properties (degradation temperature) and the mechanical properties were superior than the pure polymer.