Composição da dieta e intensidade de infecção parasitária em bugios-pretos (Alouatta caraya) : buscando evidências de automedicação

Abstract

The amount of studies reporting the potential medicinal benefits of the ingestion of certain resources by non-human primates has increased in the last decades. However, most of them have focused on Old World primates and only recently some authors have proposed that howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.) may benefit from the natural pharmacopoeia present in their diets. This research aimed to study the activity pattern and diet composition of a group of black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) inhabiting the Casa Branca Farm, Alegrete, RS, and their relationship with the individual intensity of parasitic infection (measured by the release of parasites in feces).The behavior (1200 hours of observation), including the ingestion of potentially medicinal plants, and the presence of parasites in individual daily fecal samples (N=534) were monitored during 15 consecutive days per month from February to July 2012. Only eggs and proglotydes of a cestode parasite, identified as Bertiella sp., were found in the fecal samples (prevalence=51%). Considering the assumptions of animal self-medication, no relationship between the ingestion of any food item and the release of eggs and proglotydes in the feces was found.The high density of potentially medicinal plants at the site and their high contribution to the diet of the study group, together with the identification of a single parasite species in the population, allows to hypothesize that the howler monkeys might be, even if unintentionally, enjoying the benefits of a prophylactic effect against other parasites. The economic, social and human health potential arising from the discovery of new drugs for human and/or domestic animal use originating from studies on Neotropical primate self-medication would have important positive implications for the valuing of the monkeys and their habitats.