Das proposições categóricas às temporais e modais no século XIV em Guilherme de Ockham

Abstract

Guilherme de Ockham (1287), also known as the Invincible Doctor, was an English Franciscan, philosopher, theologian, and scholastic logician of the 13th century. He was a devoted follower of Duns Scotus as well as a rigorous and critical reader of Aristotle. Ockham is recognized by many historians as one of the last medieval thinkers due to his sophisticated philosophical approaches, which were ahead of his time and paved the way for modernity and future progress within the church of his century. However, the purpose of this research is confined to the theme of logic, where temporal and modal propositions, terms, and the attribution of meaning based on the theory of supposition in the 14th century, as addressed by Guilherme de Ockham in his work Summa Logicae Part II, will be analyzed. Our objective is to investigate the criteria for the meaning of these propositions. In the first chapter, we will present Ockham's contributions to theology and philosophy, culminating in the analysis of his magnum opus. We will address the classification of terms, exploring their functions and grammatical structure along with his conceptualist conjectures. In the second chapter, we will directly analyze how the truth and meaning of propositions and terms occur, as well as the theory of supposition and the rules most commonly used by Ockham. Consequently, we will investigate in detail the references and inclinations of Guilherme de Ockham in the realm of logic, expanding our exploration to the study of the nature of knowledge. This deepening will allow for a more robust understanding of his epistemology. In the third and final chapter, we will continue the propositional analyses, but will focus on a temporal and modal scope where the rules of supposition as a method of analysis are not sufficient for explanation. This will lead us to alternative logical methods of ampliation and appellation, providing a comprehensive view of Ockhamist thought..