Capitalismo dependente, desigual e combinado : formação social e questão social no Brasil

Abstract

This doctoral thesis seeks to analyze the current phase of neoliberal capitalist accumulation in Brazil. The country crossed by dependent capitalism, within its particularities, experiences the hegemony of fictitious and interest-bearing capital at a global level, with unequal and combined impacts across the world, with deleterious impacts on the living conditions of the working class in peripheral countries. The thesis presented here was carried out in light of the phistorico-dialectical materialist method, based on qualitative research. The sources were scientific journals, theses, dissertations, official websites and databases from research institutes on the living conditions of the working class and the political economy in general. As a way of contributing to the proposed analysis, two important strands of Marxist thought were taken as theoretical references: the Theory of Unequal and Combined Development (Leon Trotsky) and the Marxist Theory of Dependence (Ruy Mauro Marini). In light of these important theoretical references, the thesis seeks, in a reflective approach to these currents, to understand the relationship of dependence and underdevelopment of peripheral Latin American countries, with a predominant focus on Brazil. We point out a dialectical relationship between these two theories, combining the entirety of the capitalist world market and the particularities of Brazilian and Latin American social formations. With the deepening of the economic, political and social crisis, the phenomena of neoliberal financialization worsen unevenly, especially in dependent countries. In this process, new reactionary phenomena emerge that aim to deepen bourgeois neoliberal politics, combining the anti-fascist and anti-capitalist struggle.