A construção da sociedade punitiva em Michel Foucault

Abstract

The central problem of the research is the verification of how Foucault structures the Punitive Society from three of his works, “Theories and Penal Institutions”, “Punitive Society” and “Discipline and Punish”. An attempt was made to point out the emergence of punitive practices, under the general hypothesis that the Punitive Society is structured under the concepts of civil war and Illegalism. The first two chapters deal with the construction of the concept of civil war, while the third seeks to demonstrate the perspective of illegalism. The research, in the area of concentration "Violence, Crime and Public Security Policies" sought to highlight the power relations that naturalize and solidify forms of social control, pointing to the political emergence of certain practices of knowledge extraction. The Punitive Society is a society immersed in war. The emergence of war in Foucault's work begins to be assembled from the development of Germanic Law. As a model of intelligibility of the space of punitive practices, we tried to work with the concept of civil war, which in turn is structured from two dimensions. The first reinterprets Hobbes' political thought and its effects, and the second performs a (re) inversion of Clausewitz's maxim. In the end, we tried to highlight the points of resistance evidenced by Foucauldian work. At first, by highlighting the historical phenomenon of the nu pieds as counter-power practices, which had a political importance in the displacement of targets and forms of criminalization. Secondly, demarcating the passage from the notion of sedition to the notion of illegalism, a concept that is categorized to demonstrate a successful perspective of the objectives of sedimentation of punitive practices in terms of a manageable circuit.