Incidência e prevalência estimadas de doenças inflamatórias intestinais no estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil

Abstract

Crohn`s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) involve two entities, called inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Both have the same evolutionary characteristics and similar therapeutic responses, but two different diseases must be considered. It has high incidence and prevalence rates in developed countries, but in recent years there has been a change in the classical geographic distribution of IBD, with increasing rates in regions traditionally with low incidence. This study aims to estimate the incidence and prevalence rates of inflammatory bowel diseases in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), between the years 2014 to 2019. Crosssectional, observational, and analytical study. Patients who started their treatment for IBD and who met the criteria for inclusion in the free drug supply program in RS were included. Data obtained from those registered or from their renewal together with high-cost pharmacies in RS. The male, female, and total population, estimated based on Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) data in the middle of each year of the study, is considered as a reference to calculate the incidence and prevalence rates of IBD for the period in wich the patient was designated. Analyses included mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values. Findings with p value ≤ 0,05 were considered statistically significant. 1082 patients with IBD of both genders were included, 57,5% female and 42,5% male. CD corresponded to 72,45% and UC to 27,54% of patients. The prevalence in the anlyzes period was 9,51 per 100.000 inhabitants, being 6,89 for CD and 2,62 por UC. The incidences per 100.000 inhabitants per year were: 2,54 in 2014, 2,61 in 2015, 1,91 in 2016, 0,80 in 2017, 0,83 in 2018 and 0,96 in 2019. The average rate of incidences per 100.000 inhabitants were 1,61, 1,17 for DC and 0,44 for UC. The average age corresponds to 41 years, with a predominance of 30-40 years. The prevalence by the region was higher in the metropolitan area, 12,69 per 100.000 inhabitants. This is the first study in the state of RS with data on the incidence and prevalence of IBD. It demonstrated similar prevalence to other studies and a drop in annual incidence rates. We suggest further studies in these areas to better understand which epidemiological stage the state of RS is experiencing.