Comparação do efeito de diferentes métodos de irrigação na temperatura do osso durante fresagem para implantes por cirurgia guiada

Abstract

This study compared the effect of four external irrigation protocols on bone tissue during guided implant drilling, which differ in temperature, volume, and irrigation source of saline solution. Forty perforations were made in ten bone specimens, which were cut from bovine ribs and used to fabricate surgical templates using cone beam computed tomography and virtual planning. Four experimental groups (n=10/group) were tested: control group (external irrigation using a 10 ml syringe with 25⁰C saline solution), group 1 (external irrigation using a 10 ml syringe with 10⁰C saline solution), group 2 (combined irrigation using handpiece and a 10 ml syringe with 25⁰C saline solution) and group 3 (combined irrigation using handpiece and a 10 ml syringe with 10⁰C saline solution). The temperature was measured during each osteotomy at two points (cervical and apical regions) simultaneously, using K-type thermocouples connected to a digital thermometer. Data were analyzed by randomized block one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficients, at a significance level of 5%. The average initial temperature was 34.9⁰C at cervical region and 36.7⁰C at apical region. The maximum temperature was 42⁰C at cervical region and 44⁰C at apical region. No difference in temperature changes was found among groups, but the effect of blocks (bone specimens) was statistically significant. Temperature and time were positively associated for most groups, mainly in the cervical region. The four irrigation methods were equally effective in controlling the bone temperature at both cervical and apical regions. Longer drillings had a greater increase in bone temperature changes, but local irrigation was able to control any potential hyperthermia.