Os efeitos da escolarização na produção da subjetividade em sujeitos com deficiência

Abstract

This study has as its theme the effects of the schooling of the production of subjectivity on the subjects with disabilities. The question that guides the problem is: which are the effects of schooling in the production of subjectivity in students with disabilities? The general objective is to understand the effects of the schooling process in the production of subjectivity of subjects with disabilities; two specific objectives were established by the author, one is to investigate the effects of the school trajectory in the production of subjective senses in these subjects, the other is to seek indicators of subjective senses built during the schooling process. The theoretical framework that supports this work used authors who understand the development of subjects from their sociocultural context, the category of disability and senses presented by Vigotsky, and the works on the production of subjectivity of Fernando González Rey. The investigation and collection of data took place in a private school, which has from the Preschool up to High School, in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, through analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews conducted with three students who are diagnosed with physical and/or intellectual disability and that are attending High School, as well as with their mothers. This study has a qualitative approach, with a descriptive character, that uses the semi-structured interview as instrument of data collection. From the viewpoint of data analysis, it was used the Discursive Textual Analysis (MORAES, 2011) which, in qualitative research, expects the immersion of the researcher in the documentary corpus, from which categories emerge from the research subjects' impressions. As for the findings of the study, it is concluded that the effects of the schooling process in the production of subjectivity in subjects with disabilities are unique, although permeated by social subjectivity, so that each subject produces a different sense and this sense is linked to the context in which the subject is inserted, in its trajectory that also produced meanings and that serves as the basis for new subjective senses. It is inferred that, within the scope of the social expectations that the school attends, the subjective senses produced are linked to the feeling of exclusion, and this occurs because schooling practices are still based on processes and methodologies that aim at the homogeneity of the subjects which, as a general rule, prevents teachers and collaborators from seeing the subjective processes of the students. This new attitude inevitably passes through teachers, since these are the very representation of schooling for students.