Profissionalização política e regime autoritário : perfil social e carreira dos deputados federais na ditadura (1967-1982)

Abstract

This study investigates who were the individuals who were part of the professional political scene during the last authoritarian experience in Brazil (1964-1985), which was marked by a scenario of great instability and uncertainties regarding the maintenance of the political career. To this end, this work analyses the political and social profile of those who at some point during the bipartisanship served as Federal Deputy for the legends created in 1965, Aliança Renovadora Nacional (Arena) and Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (MDB); considering the legislatures of 1966 (43rd), 1970 (44th), 1974 (45th) and 1978 (46th). Understanding the parliamentarians from the definition of professional politician, as someone who develops some role in the institutional politics through the parties and that lives of this office from the socialization in positions and places of power. The hypothesis to be tested unfolds in two parts, considering that: 1) Arena and MDB had different profiles of federal deputies in relation to the political resources acquired in the career; 2) and such profiles (social and political) have undergone changes throughout the validity of bipartisanship. In all, there are 1,703 cases analyzed, considering 22 indicators that mobilize the political and social background. The methodological approach used is the quantitative one, with descriptive analysis and application of statistical tool of analysis of multiple correspondence and conglomerate analysis. As a result, four profiles of professional politicians were found, who were distinguished mainly by political career traits. The sociological data did not indicate a significant contribution in the identification of the profiles, being the majority of men, white, with average age between 40-50 years and with high gradual of schooling. No changes and significant differences were found in the political and social profile in relation to legislatures and party affiliation, which refutes the hypothesis launched by this investigation. Pointing out that each change of mandate and legislature resulted in the continuation of an existing political framework, independent of party affiliation, which overcame military interference for its perpetuation.