Impacto das novas vacinas sobre as taxas de hospitalização em crianças no Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Vaccination records seem to have the potential to assist in better service delivery to the Brazilian population. These data may promote vaccine efficacy studies with methodological advantages over traditional observational studies. In this context pertussis presents itself as an important public health problem worldwide, especially in infants. In 2013, the dTpa vaccine was introduced into the national immunization schedule of pregnant women. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the national trends in the incidence of pertussis in children under 1 year in Brazil and the impact of the introduction of dTpa vaccine. Methods: The number of hospitalizations and confirmed pertussis cases in neonates (<1 month) and young infants (<1 year) were analyzed, comparing the incidence after pertussis resurgence (2011-2013) and post-vaccination (2015-2016). Non respiratory admissions were used as a comparison, over the same period of time. A Ministry of Health database (DATASUS) was used to analyze cases from 2007 to 2016. Vaccination data were accessed through the National Immunization Program Information System link (pni.datasus.gov.br). Expected Results: This work may contribute to consolidate a new and promising line of research using the DATASUS database to evaluate the impact of new interventions for the Brazilian pediatric population. Immunization of the pregnant woman seems to have an important impact in the prevention of pertussis in young infants who did not initiate the vaccination scheme.