Se não é a canção nacional, para lá caminha : a presentificação da nação na construção do samba e do fado como símbolos identitários no Brasil e em Portugal (1890-1942)

Abstract

At the beginning of the 21st century, samba in Brazil and fado in Portugal were recognized by national and international organizations as symbolic cultural expressions of Brazilian and Portuguese national identities. However, if nowadays they belong to the national pantheon of their respective countries in the field of music, the analysis of their historical paths shows dissonant interpretations about the criteria that defines both samba and fado as traditional manifestations. This work analyzes the different interpretations of people and nation present in the historical construction of these musical genres as identity symbols. Through a set of heterogeneous, unarticulated sources, regarded as meaning-producing discourses, one investigates how different interpretations of nationality provided the material capable of embodying the "presentiment" of the nation in three specific contexts in which samba and fado appear as "popular culture", as "urban folklore" and as "national song". Exposing different historical layers, the discourses from the music and the ones referring to it conformed fissured identities, result of the diversity of elements that compose the national collectivity gathered in the notions of people and nation.