Imputação penal da pessoa jurídica no Brasil : os fundamentos dogmáticos e a responsabilização subjetiva na visão dos tribunais superiores

Abstract

The criminal imputation of the legal person, expressly established on the Federal Constitution, was only applied in Brazil with the Law n. 9605/98, when crimes and sanctions were established to be submitted to legal entities that caused damage to the environment. The subject brought to the doctrinal scope a discussion that for a long time was limited to analyzing the possibility or not of the legal person being criminally imputed, ignoring the inherent problems that the criminal system would have to deal with this new subject. Notwithstanding the constitutional protection and the legal provision, the legislation from the dogmatic point of view of Criminal Law presents several legal gaps, being one of them the absence of verification of the legal entity deceit in the crime which is imputed to it. Thus, it was up to the doctrine and jurisprudence of the High Courts during these 20 years of law to indicate alternatives regarding the model of liability to be adopted. The absence of an efficient legislation has led to legal uncertainty in the implementation of the Institute, mainly due to the instability within the High Courts jurisprudence. In this sense, the present work proposes to deepen the doctrinal study on the criminal responsibility of the juridical person, highlighting the arguments for and against it, as well to understand the dogmatic thesis used by the jurisprudence of the High Courts in the criminal imputation of the collective entities. Therefore, the specific aim is to examine the model of responsibility adopted by national jurisprudence and if it suits dogmatic principles of Criminal Law, such as the need for subjective responsibility for legal persons. Finally, assuming that the topic is a reality of the legal system, it should be analyzed how the intent will be analyzed in the criminal responsibility of the legal perso.