Utopias autônomas - as máquinas irracionais da natureza : a ressignificação ética do paradigma cosmológico

Abstract

This study discusses the contingencies of inventive art (Ars Inveniendi), based on the sphere of concrete utopias developed by Ernst Bloch in his work The Principle of Hope. The level of contingencies generated by the blind dynamism of nature stretches the comprehended hope, docta spes, and the artifacts of homo utopicus. Nature undertakes a behavior and is both potentially passive and active. In its effectiveness, it reaches a unique degree of autonomy, thus becoming “nature naturing” (natura naturans), hence determining the dimension of the autonomous utopias. The autonomy of these utopias accounts for unpredictable and inconsistent events, which may threaten the future of humanity. On the other hand, radicalization of anthropocentrism ignores the language of nature and extends the distance between man and nature, receiving in this perspective the thought of Bloch, Henri Bergson and Hans Jonas. In that sense, the study proposes a way to exteriorize the subjectivity of nature to determine a possible ethical reconciliation of the original unit. Exteriorizing the subjectivity of nature means adopting a method that permits establishing a dialogue among man and nature in the cosmocentric environment. The methodology used to exteriorize the subjectivity of nature resorts to the concept of optical physics, the principle of the reversibility of the path, and is also based on Schelling’s work Philosophy of Nature. Most philosophers of his time start from the conscious ego to the object and represent the real in their consciousness, but Schelling does the opposite: he inverts the meaning of the analysis, leads the object to the consciousness of the human being and embraces the representation of the real in his consciousness. The perspective of the analysis inaugurated in this study implies that ethical foundations are governed by the categorical imperatives claimed by the original unit, which are absent in the Kantian maxim. The study also points out a method of establishing a dialogue with the subjectivity of nature through the exteriority in the social-historical time by embracing the durée, a “coming into being”, and a “not-yet” open to the future.