Multidão como classe social depois do humanismo em Antonio Negri

Abstract

The present work focuses on problematizing the concept of multitude, developed by the philosophers Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt, focusing the investigation in its constitution as a concept of social class in a Marxist sense. For this, since a class thought has to deal with the problematic of the "subject", we take as a starting point the criticisms made, especially by Althusser, to the modern notion of the Subject and to the humanism thought, seeking an endeavor that consists in thinking what would be an anti and post-humanist social class. Negri claims that his work uses the Marxian method, although he is more influenced by Foucault and Deleuze & Guattari than by the Marxist orthodoxy as such, which already indicates his precautions against the subject and humanism, which doesn’t prevents him, however, from insisting on a Marxism that prays for the space of subjectivity. In this way he proposes an update of class discourse using what he claims to be the Marxian method for criticizing the capitalist mode of production and, in the face of the characteristics of a transformed capitalism, rescues or creates new concepts for it – such as multitude, Empire, immaterial labor, common, biopolitics and real subsumption. The present research, therefore, tries to analyze Negri’s work in order to verify how the concepts are articulated in a movement of thought that differs from the object of criticism of the anti and the post-humanist thought, although Negri declares himself as a humanist – a humanism of a different kind, naturally.