As reformas educacionais de Santa Catarina e a instrumentalização do ensino patriótico : laços políticos, oligárquicos e culturais (1911-1945)

Abstract

The present work results from the analysis and investigations of the political and educational situation of Santa Catarina in the period between 1911 and 1945, regarding state oligarchic relations, partisan and personal disputes, transformations in the education system and ethnic-political conflicts. The composition of political-economic groups as from the turn of the Empire into the First Republic and the proceedings of such groups until 1945 are here studied. The educational actions (educational reforms) carried out during the terms of Vidal Ramos (1911-1914), Ptolomeu de Assis Brasil/Rui Zobaran (1930-1933), and Nereu Ramos (1935-1945) are investigated, aiming to understand those political periods and the purposes of these rulers at their times. An attempt is made to look at how the disputes occurred under the scenarios of a republican, liberal State and an intervening Estado Novo, as well as the composition of a nationalist model for the governmental action in Santa Catarina. It is tried to ascertain the composition of the political oligarchies and how they relate to education in Santa Catarina, especially the political-educational practices of the Ramos oligarchy, whose members, in certain periods of the history of Santa Catarina, have occupied notorious public and political offices, implementing patriotic acts in school environment as part of an education program capable of modifying the social reality to their own benefit. It is sought to describe and analyze the characteristics of the republican first educational reform (performed under the tenure of Vidal Ramos), the educational reform of the provisional government (performed under the tenure of Ptolomeu de Assis Brasil and Rui Zobaran), and the educational reform of the Estado Novo (performed under the tenure of Nereu Ramos), linking each to the others in their divergences and continuities. We will then comprehend that family ties between the governors, the patriotic education model implemented and the purposes on using school as to form citizens shaped by the rules of the State make some of the connections between the reforms. On the other hand, we will see that the depth of the educational actions, historical moments of nation and state, and some innovations on the laws constitute differences between them.