@PHDTHESIS{ 2018:1940667352,
 	title = {The future of tobacco economy in Brazil : production, trade and consumption},
 	year = {2018},
 	url = "http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8505",
 	abstract = "Brazil is one of the greatest tobacco producers and the most prominent tobacco exporter in the world. Evidence of the negative effects of smoking on human health has led to an intense debate on control policies. This study has three essays that aim to analyze the effects of restrictive measures on regional production, as well as contribute to health policies regarding to cigarette consumption. The first essay analyzed the restriction on Brazilian agriculture loans, the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture ? (PRONAF, in Portuguese). It concludes that the reduced national tobacco production is not associated with the restrictive policies it has been submitted to. However, PRONAF restrictions on tobacco have changed production financing and reduced government subsidies. Hence, policies focusing on medium-sized and large farms could be more effective to stimulate diversification and would create the spillover necessary for small farms to increase non-tobacco income. The second essay analyzed the impact of reducing global consumption and the impact on global trade through the Model of Mixed Complementarity Problem (MCP). The model outcomes demonstrate that there are government subsides not reported in tobacco market and the decline in world?s consumption lead to a decrease in Brazilian production of about 5.6% and in producer surplus of US $897 million. The results reinforce the need for policies to diversify agriculture production in Brazilians tobacco farms in the short term. The third and last essay analyzed the characteristics of the Brazilian cigarette market. Based on data from the National Health Survey - PNS 2013, this study investigates characteristics that will affect the time of cigarette consumption. Characteristics related to social and economic conditions were analyzed to understand how it influences cigarette consumption time. The results showed that the people who are less likely to quit smoking are older, single men, with low income and fewer education years. They also do not consume alcoholic beverages, do not practice physical exercise and have pulmonary diseases. Therefore, in order to decrease public health spending, Brazilian health policies regarding tobacco use should focus on those who will likely smoke for a long time.",
 	publisher = {Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul},
 	scholl = {Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Economia do Desenvolvimento},
 	note = {Escola de Neg?cios}
}