@MASTERSTHESIS{ 2017:1377550514,
 	title = {Cognitive emotion regulation, affect and posttraumatic stress symptoms : psychometric properties of the CERQ and a double mediation study},
 	year = {2017},
 	url = "http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7461",
 	abstract = "Background: Literature suggests that emotional responses are associated to the
 development and maintenance of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The
 ability to influence emotional experience and expression, known as emotion regulation (ER),
 can be critical when dealing with significant levels of stress. Specifically, ER through
 cognitions, or thoughts (i.e. Cognitive Emotion Regulation; CER), helps individuals to
 maintain control over their emotional experience during, or after being exposed to stressful, or
 traumatic events. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was developed to
 measure nine different CER strategies that refer to the conscious and attentional way people
 deal with threatening, or negative life events. Objectives: Therefore, the general purposes of
 this thesis were to develop and evaluate validity evidences of the Brazilian version of the
 CERQ (Study 1) and to investigate the relationship between trauma exposure, cognitive
 emotion regulation strategies, affect and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) testing for a
 double mediation model (Study2). Method: A sample of 445 university students completed a
 Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, the Life of Events Checklist (LEC-5), the Brazilian
 version of the CERQ, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the
 Posttraumatic Symptoms Checklist (PCL-5) on an on-line research platform. For Study 1,
 adaptation process of the Brazilian version of the CERQ included translation, backtranslation,
 expert committee?s evaluation, and testing on 30 participants from the target
 population. Validity evidence was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis, internal
 consistency through the Cronbach?s alpha analysis, and correlations with the affective
 variables measured by the PANAS. For Study 2, preliminary correlation and multiple linear
 regression analyses were conducted to investigate associations among trauma type exposure,
 cognitive emotion regulation strategies, affect and PTSS severity. Next, a model positing
 rumination and negative affect as double mediators of the effect of trauma type of moral
 injury by others on PTSS was tested using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results: Validity
 analyses showed that the original structure of the CERQ has good factorial validity in the
 sample and high reliabilities, with Cronbach?s ? ranging between .71 and .88. Preliminary
 analyses of the association among trauma type, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, affect
 and PTSS showed that trauma type of moral injury, rumination and negative affect were
 significant predictors of PTSS severity. When testing for the double mediation model, results
 suggested that rumination is a strong and independent mediator between trauma type moral
 injury by others and PTSS, while negative affect is a mediator only when rumination is also
 included. Discussion: Our results indicate that the Brazilian version of the CERQ is a valid
 and reliable tool for assessing cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and that individuals
 who are exposed to trauma type of moral injury by others engage more frequently in
 rumination as a cognitive emotion regulation strategy, which in turn amplifies levels of
 negative effect that ends up leading to higher levels of PTSS. Overall, these results can
 influence further researches and aid the development and improvement of cognitive treatment
 interventions for individuals exposed to traumatic events.",
 	publisher = {Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul},
 	scholl = {Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia},
 	note = {Escola de Humanidades}
}