Exílio e redenção : uma leitura teológica de Martin Buber

Abstract

This dissertation seeks to deepen the reading of exile and redemption in the Jewish tradition and in Martin Buber's thought, considering the religious, historical, mystical and philosophical intersections that permeate these notions. By analyzing the dialogue between the Jewish tradition, especially its conservative-orthodox orientation, and Buberian philosophy, the aim is to shed light on the existential implications of exile and the possibility of redemption, reflecting on how these ideas reverberate in the individual and collective experience of the Jewish people and humanity. Based on this cross-cutting relationship between tradition and philosophy, the general problem of this dissertation is the following: how does Martin Buber's thought dialogue with Jewish notions of exile and redemption and what new interpretations does he offer to these experiences? In order to understand this, the central aim of this work is to present how the dynamics of exile and redemption are expressed in Martin Buber's religion, mysticism and Jewish philosophy, as ways of distancing and drawing closer to divinity. In order to achieve this goal, the concept of exile in the Jewish tradition is analyzed from a historical, symbolic, mystical and philosophical perspective. It examines the concept of Jewish redemption as a promise of physical return and spiritual re-establishment. And finally, it investigates how the concepts of orientation and realization, I-Thou and I-Thou and Martin Buber's Objective Knowledge of the World and Character Education have their applicability to the ideas of exile and redemption mentioned above. In order to achieve this, the dissertation is based on a basic methodology, a qualitative approach and bibliographic procedures. It seeks to expand the understanding of the condition of exile, together with the possibility of redemption, as fundamental processes of human existence. This understanding shows that the dynamics behind these two concepts invariably refer to the distancing of the people from their divinity and their subsequent return to it, marking their rapprochement.